Hypersonic future aircraft.

New Engine without moving parts.

Supersonic could be superseded by something even faster. Mach 2.5 is about the speed limit for gas-turbine engines. Any faster and the temperature and pressure of air entering the engine is too high for the turbomachinery inside. To fly at hypersonic speed - Mach 5 and above - requires a different type of engine.

A supersonic-combustion ramjet, or scramjet, has no moving parts. Instead of the rotating compressor and turbine in a jet engine, air is compressed and expanded by complex systems of shockwaves under the front of the aircraft, inside the inlet and under the fuselage at the rear.

Source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2866982/The-shape-wings-come-Nasa-s-weird-wonderful-concept-planes-someday-make-supersonic-travel-common-place.html


New navigation system without moving surfaces.

Researchers in the UK have flown the first aircraft that can maneuver without conventional control surfaces or flaps. In place of elevators and ailerons, the aircraft uses jets of air along the back of the wing to control lift. The demonstration aircraft has been developed as a testbed for new flight-control systems and aircraft manufacture techniques.

Jets of air along the back edge of the wing change how air flows over the wing, a process called circulation control. This can be used to induce the air flowing over the wing to flow around the back edge of the wing instead of simply flowing past. This produces more lift. By turning off and on jets strategically placed along the trailing edges of the wings, the pitch and roll can be controlled.

That is not all these new aircraft can do. It was also designed to test Fluidic Thrust Vectoring (FTV). Most next-generation fighter aircraft have or will incorporate some form of vectored thrust, enabling the pilot to control the direction the thrust from the engine leaves the aircraft. This greatly increases maneuverability and control of the aircraft. However, conventional vectored thrust technologies require a lot of complicated moving parts at the business end of a jet engine. FTV should simplify things by deflecting the thrust of the jet engine by injecting a higher pressure jet of air along the nozzle wall. This secondary jet will deflect the thrust of the engine.

Source: https://arstechnica.com/science/2010/10/new-test-plane-flies-without-flaps/

Thrust vector control (TVC) is only possible when the propulsion system is creating thrust; separate mechanisms are required for attitude and flight path control during other stages of flight.

Thrust vectoring can be achieved by four basic means:

a. Gimbaled engine(s) or nozzle(s)
b. Reactive fluid injection
c. Auxiliary engines (fixed or movable)
d. Exhaust vanes

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust_vectoring

Auxiliary engines are expensive and moving parts aren't a good idea in hypersonic speeds, so the best solution seems to be (b).

Figure source: SECONDARY GAS INJECTION THRUST VECTOR CONTROL

Figure source: Thrust shock vector control of an axisymmetric conical supersonic nozzle via secondary transverse gas injection

As someone can realize, a system with 4 injection ports up-left-down-right and two engines can give us a complete 3-D thrust vector control for roll, pitch, and yaw. I believe that this DDSCRAMJET Directional Double SCRAMJET will be the standard engine for the future hypersonic aircraft.

New shapes.

Source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2866982/The-shape-wings-come-Nasa-s-weird-wonderful-concept-planes-someday-make-supersonic-travel-common-place.html

Orbital Vehicles.

Scramjet engines give our aircraft orbital capability. The new navigation system without moving surfaces can operate in the orbit as well because it doesn't need the air to turn the vehicle, it does that using the gas from the engines.