Tiny Water-cooled CPU boxes
The new CPUs provide also graphics capabilities along with a 16 GB VRAM. If VRAM is included in the chip, couldn't a main 64 GB RAM be included as well to form a SoC? I 'm certain Intel will do this sooner or later. Since all the important parts are now included in a single chip, water cooling will greatly increase performance. There is a very good water-cooling system that is also a case fan as well, this will become the standard.
Currently, there is an 8 core w. graphics i7 CPU @ 4.9 GHz.
5.2 GHz 8 core CPUs w. 64 GB RAM @ 2.6 GHz and 1.3 GHz graphics and 1.3 GHz I/O speed will be the standard in the near future. I don't think they will go further because most people won't need higher speeds than that. The next step will be optical chips and quantum computing but these will not be for the public.
No longer useful controllers and adaptors will be abolished. Only PCI/e, USB and DVI display adaptors will remain. All of them will be controlled by a single I/O chip. This will greatly reduce the size of motherboards. The power supply circuits will be also integrated into a smart power chip that supports APM and backup battery and moves to the motherboard with a heatsink and motherboards will take power from normal power supplies like the laptops. PCs will then turn to very small boxes with only one fan. Backup battery will see that the computer will successfully auto-suspend at a power outage practically forever since there will be Diamond/C14 batteries with a life of 5k years.
The Power Chip will support voltage regulation 6/24V to 5V and will support all necessary voltages for the CPU and the I/O Chip. It will support: a cooling device connector with power and dual RPM detection, a power button connector with power led support - power button will move to the keyboard - a 6V backup battery connector and a 6/24V main power connector. The I/O Chip will support 8 PCI/e channels. The motherboard's panel will only have the power button jack for the keyboard and the DC power connector.
USB and DVI will be upgraded to Thunderbolt.
Thunderbolt is the brand name of a hardware interface standard developed by Intel (in collaboration with Apple) that allows the connection of external peripherals to a computer. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same connector as Mini DisplayPort (MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3 uses USB-C. It was initially developed and marketed under the name Light Peak, and first sold as part of a consumer product on 24 February 2011.
Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into two serial signals,[5] and additionally provides DC power, all in one cable. Up to six peripherals may be supported by one connector through various topologies.
Source: Thunderbolt
This will unify DVI and USB. If six peripherals can connect to a single port then the "display port" will also do the work of the additional USB port for the sound and camera/mic. as well. Two such cards will be enough for most applications.
Thunderbolt is compatible with USB and there are adaptors.
Further future improvements will lead to optical Thunderbolt jacks on our PCs, there are already optical Thunderbolt cables.
The integration will greatly reduce power as in tablets. The core PC will actually almost turn to a tablet - the only difference will be the water-cooling device and heatsink that will make it a bit larger and heavier - since three chips will do all the computing job. There are already All-in-One PCs that the PC is inside the display.
There are 1 TB PCI/e RAM HDDs that are 20 times faster. There will be also PCI/e ROM drives perhaps in the same cards containing the factory BIOS file, the OS and a setup program to format the RAM HDD and restore both the BIOS and the OS. Security/back-up suits will be included there.
There will be also All-in-One communication cards that will have input connectors for the ethernet outlet, the Radio FM and TV and WiFi and Bluetooth for the house network. Small Motherboards and more expansion cards are better than larger Motherboards and... unused expansion slots.
All-in-One intelligent peripherals.
Multimedia displays with speakers and camera & microphone will be the standard. There are already All-in-One printers that scan and fax. External Combo storage BluRay/HDD devices are already existent.
House Networks and VoIP.
The conventional telephone line will be abolished and what will come into your homes from telecom companies will be an ultra high-speed 100 Gbps optical fiber cable that will put you in an optical WAN. So your house will have an optical router along with a TV/FM antenna amplifier that will give WiFi and Ethernet outlets along with Radio FM and TV outlets in your rooms. Besides the electrical table, you will have a telecom table as well so that communication lines are managed and properly distributed inside the house. There are already such outlets for houses.
There will be outlets with dual ethernet connectors one for the PC and one for VoIP use. Devices that convert phone lines to VoIP already exist for your All-in-One printer's fax line and telephone.
Though you will be able to communicate better with Skype and similar services, even on tablets you are not going to lose phones since there are already VoIP WiFi devices.
Glass Storage Disks.
Scientists from the University of Southampton in the UK have created a new data format that encodes information in tiny nanostructures in glass. A standard-sized disc can store around 360 terabytes of data, with an estimated lifespan of up to 13.8 billion years even at temperatures of 190°C. That's as old as the Universe and more than three times the age of the Earth.
Source: 'Five-dimensional' glass discs can store data for up to 13.8 billion years.
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This is the future in optical storage. The whole software collection - operating system, security suit, office suit, programming suit, mathematical library and symbolic computation suit - along with a huge encyclopedia and e-books for all levels of education of every branch of knowledge can be in a single optical disk.
Optical computing.
Cavities in photonic crystals can be used for creating optical logic gates, the building blocks for computing.
When it comes to computing, one of the primary bottlenecks in increasing data transfer rates is the conversion time required from optics to electronics when the signal reaches a semiconductor microprocessor. One approach to addressing this problem would be converting systems to ones that are based on optics, with optical microprocessors in place of semiconductor microprocessors. Achieving this feat would lead to an era of all-optical information processing.
Source: https://www.photonics.com/Articles/All-Optical_Logic_Gates_Show_Promise_for_Optical/a63226
As we have learned in computer science the only things you really need to make a computer are conductors and NAND gates. We have already both optical fibers and optical NAND gates.
Therefore at some time, this will not be just scientific research and it will become industrial production. The first place we will put an optical CPU is in our communication network, that will become all optical from the international fiber cables to the fiber cable that arrives in our house. This will eliminate all bottlenecks to our data transfer rates. Large data servers that will store information in the previously mentioned optical glass disks will become optical as well. There is no clock frequency, operations are done almost instantly and with 0.1% of power - i.e. some mW and no heating.
According to researcher Yichen Shen, the optical chips using this architecture could, in principle, carry out calculations performed in typical artificial intelligence algorithms much faster and using less than one-thousandth as much energy per operation as conventional electronic chips.
“The natural advantage of using light to do matrix multiplication plays a big part in the speed up and power savings, because dense matrix multiplications are the most power hungry and time consuming part in AI algorithms,” he said.
“This chip, once you tune it, can carry out matrix multiplication with, in principle, zero energy, almost instantly,” said Soljacic. “We've demonstrated the crucial building blocks but not yet the full system.”
Professor Dirk Englund said that the programmable nanophotonic processor could have other applications, including signal processing for data transmission.
Source: https://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=62154
EEG headsets
EEG headsets may replace mouse -- and maybe keyboard as well. Combined with headphones and equipped with Bluetooth and/or WiFi networking will replace the classic way of computer interaction we know today. There is already a TV that is controlled with an EEG headset.
The new CPUs provide also graphics capabilities along with a 16 GB VRAM. If VRAM is included in the chip, couldn't a main 64 GB RAM be included as well to form a SoC? I 'm certain Intel will do this sooner or later. Since all the important parts are now included in a single chip, water cooling will greatly increase performance. There is a very good water-cooling system that is also a case fan as well, this will become the standard.
Currently, there is an 8 core w. graphics i7 CPU @ 4.9 GHz.
5.2 GHz 8 core CPUs w. 64 GB RAM @ 2.6 GHz and 1.3 GHz graphics and 1.3 GHz I/O speed will be the standard in the near future. I don't think they will go further because most people won't need higher speeds than that. The next step will be optical chips and quantum computing but these will not be for the public.
No longer useful controllers and adaptors will be abolished. Only PCI/e, USB and DVI display adaptors will remain. All of them will be controlled by a single I/O chip. This will greatly reduce the size of motherboards. The power supply circuits will be also integrated into a smart power chip that supports APM and backup battery and moves to the motherboard with a heatsink and motherboards will take power from normal power supplies like the laptops. PCs will then turn to very small boxes with only one fan. Backup battery will see that the computer will successfully auto-suspend at a power outage practically forever since there will be Diamond/C14 batteries with a life of 5k years.
The Power Chip will support voltage regulation 6/24V to 5V and will support all necessary voltages for the CPU and the I/O Chip. It will support: a cooling device connector with power and dual RPM detection, a power button connector with power led support - power button will move to the keyboard - a 6V backup battery connector and a 6/24V main power connector. The I/O Chip will support 8 PCI/e channels. The motherboard's panel will only have the power button jack for the keyboard and the DC power connector.
USB and DVI will be upgraded to Thunderbolt.
Thunderbolt is the brand name of a hardware interface standard developed by Intel (in collaboration with Apple) that allows the connection of external peripherals to a computer. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same connector as Mini DisplayPort (MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3 uses USB-C. It was initially developed and marketed under the name Light Peak, and first sold as part of a consumer product on 24 February 2011.
Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into two serial signals,[5] and additionally provides DC power, all in one cable. Up to six peripherals may be supported by one connector through various topologies.
Source: Thunderbolt
This will unify DVI and USB. If six peripherals can connect to a single port then the "display port" will also do the work of the additional USB port for the sound and camera/mic. as well. Two such cards will be enough for most applications.
Thunderbolt is compatible with USB and there are adaptors.
Further future improvements will lead to optical Thunderbolt jacks on our PCs, there are already optical Thunderbolt cables.
The integration will greatly reduce power as in tablets. The core PC will actually almost turn to a tablet - the only difference will be the water-cooling device and heatsink that will make it a bit larger and heavier - since three chips will do all the computing job. There are already All-in-One PCs that the PC is inside the display.
There are 1 TB PCI/e RAM HDDs that are 20 times faster. There will be also PCI/e ROM drives perhaps in the same cards containing the factory BIOS file, the OS and a setup program to format the RAM HDD and restore both the BIOS and the OS. Security/back-up suits will be included there.
There will be also All-in-One communication cards that will have input connectors for the ethernet outlet, the Radio FM and TV and WiFi and Bluetooth for the house network. Small Motherboards and more expansion cards are better than larger Motherboards and... unused expansion slots.
All-in-One intelligent peripherals.
Multimedia displays with speakers and camera & microphone will be the standard. There are already All-in-One printers that scan and fax. External Combo storage BluRay/HDD devices are already existent.
House Networks and VoIP.
The conventional telephone line will be abolished and what will come into your homes from telecom companies will be an ultra high-speed 100 Gbps optical fiber cable that will put you in an optical WAN. So your house will have an optical router along with a TV/FM antenna amplifier that will give WiFi and Ethernet outlets along with Radio FM and TV outlets in your rooms. Besides the electrical table, you will have a telecom table as well so that communication lines are managed and properly distributed inside the house. There are already such outlets for houses.
There will be outlets with dual ethernet connectors one for the PC and one for VoIP use. Devices that convert phone lines to VoIP already exist for your All-in-One printer's fax line and telephone.
Though you will be able to communicate better with Skype and similar services, even on tablets you are not going to lose phones since there are already VoIP WiFi devices.
Glass Storage Disks.
Scientists from the University of Southampton in the UK have created a new data format that encodes information in tiny nanostructures in glass. A standard-sized disc can store around 360 terabytes of data, with an estimated lifespan of up to 13.8 billion years even at temperatures of 190°C. That's as old as the Universe and more than three times the age of the Earth.
Source: 'Five-dimensional' glass discs can store data for up to 13.8 billion years.
This is the future in optical storage. The whole software collection - operating system, security suit, office suit, programming suit, mathematical library and symbolic computation suit - along with a huge encyclopedia and e-books for all levels of education of every branch of knowledge can be in a single optical disk.
Optical computing.
Cavities in photonic crystals can be used for creating optical logic gates, the building blocks for computing.
When it comes to computing, one of the primary bottlenecks in increasing data transfer rates is the conversion time required from optics to electronics when the signal reaches a semiconductor microprocessor. One approach to addressing this problem would be converting systems to ones that are based on optics, with optical microprocessors in place of semiconductor microprocessors. Achieving this feat would lead to an era of all-optical information processing.
Source: https://www.photonics.com/Articles/All-Optical_Logic_Gates_Show_Promise_for_Optical/a63226
As we have learned in computer science the only things you really need to make a computer are conductors and NAND gates. We have already both optical fibers and optical NAND gates.
Therefore at some time, this will not be just scientific research and it will become industrial production. The first place we will put an optical CPU is in our communication network, that will become all optical from the international fiber cables to the fiber cable that arrives in our house. This will eliminate all bottlenecks to our data transfer rates. Large data servers that will store information in the previously mentioned optical glass disks will become optical as well. There is no clock frequency, operations are done almost instantly and with 0.1% of power - i.e. some mW and no heating.
According to researcher Yichen Shen, the optical chips using this architecture could, in principle, carry out calculations performed in typical artificial intelligence algorithms much faster and using less than one-thousandth as much energy per operation as conventional electronic chips.
“The natural advantage of using light to do matrix multiplication plays a big part in the speed up and power savings, because dense matrix multiplications are the most power hungry and time consuming part in AI algorithms,” he said.
“This chip, once you tune it, can carry out matrix multiplication with, in principle, zero energy, almost instantly,” said Soljacic. “We've demonstrated the crucial building blocks but not yet the full system.”
Professor Dirk Englund said that the programmable nanophotonic processor could have other applications, including signal processing for data transmission.
Source: https://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=62154
EEG headsets
EEG headsets may replace mouse -- and maybe keyboard as well. Combined with headphones and equipped with Bluetooth and/or WiFi networking will replace the classic way of computer interaction we know today. There is already a TV that is controlled with an EEG headset.
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